Trencaments o fissures produïdes en alguns dels ossos que componen el peu. Inclou fractures dels dos ossos petits i rodons que estan just sota el dit gros (ossos sesamoides), dels ossos del terç mitjà del peu (ossos metatarsians) o dels ossos situats a la part posterior del peu, com ara l'os calcani del taló.
Es produeix per un traumatisme directe, caigudes, torçades o per sobrecàrrega repetitiva a l'os. Practicar esports d'impacte, utilitzar equip esportiu inadequat o tenir osteoporosi, augmenten el risc de patir-la.
Es manifesta amb dolor, inflor, hematoma i/o deformitat del peu.
Es diagnostica mitjançant exploració física i la realització d'una prova d'imatge.
El tractament es basa a controlar el dolor i permetre que es recuperi l'os utilitzant analgèsia convencional i evitant carregar pes sobre el peu; els casos més severs poden necessitar cirurgia.
Per prevenir les fractures és aconsellable fer servir calçat adequat, fer una dieta rica en calci i vitamina D i evitar traumatismes tant com sigui possible.
- Warden SJ, Burr DB, Brukner PD. Stress fractures: pathophysiology, epidemiology, and risk factors. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2006; 4:103.
- Miller T, Kaeding CC, Flanigan D. The classification systems of stress fractures: a systematic review. Phys Sportsmed 2011; 39:93.
- Waterman BR, Gun B, Bader JO, et al. Epidemiology of Lower Extremity Stress Fractures in the United States Military. Mil Med 2016; 181:1308.
- Rizzone KH, Ackerman KE, Roos KG, et al. The Epidemiology of Stress Fractures in Collegiate Student-Athletes, 2004-2005 Through 2013-2014 Academic Years. J Athl Train 2017; 52:966.
- Changstrom BG, Brou L, Khodaee M, et al. Epidemiology of stress fracture injuries among US high school athletes, 2005-2006 through 2012-2013. Am J Sports Med 2015; 43:26.
- Kelsey JL, Bachrach LK, Procter-Gray E, et al. Risk factors for stress fracture among young female cross-country runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39:1457.
- Tenforde AS, Sayres LC, McCurdy ML, et al. Identifying sex-specific risk factors for stress fractures in adolescent runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013; 45:1843.
- Wright AA, Taylor JB, Ford KR, et al. Risk factors associated with lower extremity stress fractures in runners: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2015; 49:1517.
- Zhao L, Chang Q, Huang T, Huang C. Prospective cohort study of the risk factors for stress fractures in Chinese male infantry recruits. J Int Med Res 2016; 44:787.
- Barrack MT, Gibbs JC, De Souza MJ, et al. Higher incidence of bone stress injuries with increasing female athlete triad-related risk factors: a prospective multisite study of exercising girls and women. Am J Sports Med 2014; 42:949.
- Krauss MR, Garvin NU, Boivin MR, Cowan DN. Excess Stress Fractures, Musculoskeletal Injuries, and Health Care Utilization Among Unfit and Overweight Female Army Trainees. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:311.
- Rauh MJ, Macera CA, Trone DW, et al. Epidemiology of stress fracture and lower-extremity overuse injury in female recruits. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006; 38:1571.
- Mattila VM, Niva M, Kiuru M, Pihlajamäki H. Risk factors for bone stress injuries: a follow-up study of 102,515 person-years. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39:1061.
- Vinther A, Kanstrup IL, Christiansen E, et al. Exercise-induced rib stress fractures: potential risk factors related to thoracic muscle co-contraction and movement pattern. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2006; 16:188.
- Yagi S, Muneta T, Sekiya I. Incidence and risk factors for medial tibial stress syndrome and tibial stress fracture in high school runners. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2013; 21:556.
- Pihlajamäki H, Parviainen M, Kyröläinen H, et al. Regular physical exercise before entering military service may protect young adult men from fatigue fractures. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:126.
- Tenforde AS, Sayres LC, Sainani KL, Fredericson M. Evaluating the relationship of calcium and vitamin D in the prevention of stress fracture injuries in the young athlete: a review of the literature. PM R 2010; 2:945.
- Dao D, Sodhi S, Tabasinejad R, et al. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Stress Fractures in Military Personnel: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Am J Sports Med 2015; 43:2064.
- Burgi AA, Gorham ED, Garland CF, et al. High serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with a low incidence of stress fractures. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26:2371.
- McClellan JW 3rd, Vernon BA, White MA, et al. Should 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bone density using DXA be tested in adolescents with lumbar stress fractures of the pars interarticularis? J Spinal Disord Tech 2012; 25:426.
