It is the separation of the clavicle and the upper part of the scapula (acromion) in the shoulder area due to damage to the ligaments that join them.
Dislocation of the arm occurs when the humerus comes out of the shoulder. Its most frequent cause is a direct traumatism in the area or when stopping a blow with the extended hand.
It causes intense pain in the upper part of the shoulder where a "step" is seen that corresponds to the separation of the clavicle from the rest of the structures and inflammation or hematoma.
The diagnosis is made by clinical history and physical examination of the shoulder. Imaging tests such as X-rays and/or magnetic resonance imaging may be required.
Analgesia and anti-inflammatory drugs, cold-heat, rest and immobilization of the limb with a sling are essential. If there is a rupture of ligaments, physiotherapy will be assessed to recover shoulder function or, if there is much deformity, significant weakness of the arm or if the fingers are cold and numb, it is considered an emergency and surgery is usually advised.
- Scott M Koehler, MD. Acromioclavicular joint disorders. UpToDay. May 12, 2016.
- Scott M Koehler, MD. Acromioclavicular joint injuries ("separated" shoulder). UpToDate. Oct 25, 2016.
- Reid D, Polson K, Johnson L. Acromioclavicular joint separations grades I-III: a review of the literature and development of best practice guidelines. Sports Med 2012; 42:681.
- Tamaoki MJ, Belloti JC, Lenza M, et al. Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating acromioclavicular dislocation of the shoulder in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; :CD007429.
