Acute postinfectious cerebellitis (Pediatrics - PEDS)

This is also known as cerebellar ataxia. It is inflammation of the cerebellum secondary to an infection. It is more common in children aged between 2 and 6 years old. Although the exact cause is unknown, it is suspected to be autoimmune. Most cases are triggered by a viral infection: chickenpox, Epstein-Barr, parotitis, etc. Onset is marked by a movement disorder called ataxia, which impedes walking, balance and fine coordinated movements. Onset is sudden. Fever or seizures are not typical. Diagnosis is clinical but other causes of ataxia must be ruled out, such as toxic substances or alcohol. Imaging tests or a lumbar puncture should be performed in the event of atypical symptoms or if another condition or trauma is suspected. The prognosis is generally favorable with the abatement of symptoms in 90% of cases. It has no specific treatment. Symptomatic treatment and supportive care are prescribed.