Atopic eczema - Atopic dermatitis

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Common-

It is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin disease. It usually appears in infants or young children but may last into adulthood. 

The exact cause is not known, but it has a hereditary component. 

The main symptom is an itchy skin rash with blisters that ooze and leave yellow crusts.

Diagnosis is made by clinical history and physical examination.

Treatment is based on the administration of corticosteroid creams, oral antihistamines and keeping the skin hydrated; in severe cases, steroids are administered orally.

Bibliographic references
  1. William L Weston, William Howe. Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of atopic dermatitis (eczema). UpToDate. Jun 21, 2016.
  2. William L Weston, William Howe. Treatment of atopic dermatitis (eczema). UpToDate. Sep 13, 2016.
  3. Eichenfield LF, Tom WL, Chamlin SL, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: section 1. Diagnosis and assessment of atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 70:338.
  4. Vinding GR, Zarchi K, Ibler KS, et al. Is adult atopic eczema more common than we think? - A population-based study in Danish adults. Acta Derm Venereol 2014; 94:480.
  5. Leslie P. Lawley, Calvin O. McCall y Thomas J. Lawley. Eccema, psoriasis, infecciones cutáneas, acné y otros trastornos cutáneos frecuentes. Harrison. Principios de Medicina Interna. Volumen 2. 19º Edición. 344:345
  6. T. Gallart. Enfermedades alérgicas mediadas por anticuerpos IgE (hipersensibilidad inmediata o alerga atópica). Farreras Rozman. Medicina Interna. Volumen 2. 12º edición. 2709:2710.
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Symptoms

    Skin injuries due to scratching


    Reddened skin region with vesicles, blisters and/or small red spots


    Scratch lesions with thickened skin and accentuated creases


    Skin irritation, which sloughs off


    Skin blisters which produce yellowish scabs

Symptoms to watch out for

Fever (temperature higher than 100.4 ºF)
Persistence of symptoms during the first month of treatment.
Painful and reddened ulcer in affected area
Reddish sores that itch, break open and ooze clear fluid or pus

Self-care

Antihistamines in syrup or tablet form for itching.
Apply a cream or ointment that contains a corticosteroid.
Apply cold compresses 3 times a day for 20 minutes to reduce the symptoms.
Avoid wearing tight clothing and using perfumed or irritating soaps in the area.