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Bunion - Hallux valgus

Very low urgency
Common-

It is a progressive deformity of the big toe that points outward toward the second toe. The position of the toe may lead to friction with footwear, causing pain and inflammation.

The cause is unknown and appears to be multifactorial, with a higher incidence in females.

Characteristic symptoms include joint pain and a red, calloused area where the bone rubs against the shoe.

Diagnosis is based on the patient's medical history and a physical examination of the feet.

Treatment is based on prevention, including the use of comfortable footwear with room for the toes. In more advanced cases, corrective surgery may be required.

Bibliographic references
  1. Jill Ferrari. Hallux valgus deformity (bunion).UpToDate. Mayo 2015
  2. Tanaka Y. Radiographic analysis of hallux valgus in women on weightbearing and nonweightbearing. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1997 :186.
  3. Mann R. Adult hallux valgus. In: Surgery of the Foot and Ankle, Coughlin M, Mann R. (Eds), Mosby, St. Louis 1999. p.150.
  4. Turan I. Correlation between hallux valgus angle and age. J Foot Surg 1990; 29:327.
  5. Nix S. Prevalence of hallux valgus in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Foot Ankle Res 2010; 3:21.
Author
Dr. Oscar Garcia-Esquirol
Copyright
© TeckelMedical 2026

Symptoms

    Big toe points towards the second toe

    First and second toes one on top of the other

    Big toe pain

    Big toe deformity

    Callus big toe

Symptoms to watch out for

Fever (temperature higher than 100.4 ºF)
Wound with signs of infection (warmth, redness, painful sensation, fever, swelling)

Self-care

Take over-the-counter pain relievers or anti-inflammatories.
Avoid wearing high heels and narrow-toed shoes.
Use interdigital separators.
Apply cold compresses 3 times a day for 20 minutes to reduce the symptoms.
Place pads on the bunion area to relieve pain.
Use orthopedic insoles that elevate the heel.
Wear sport shoes that support the arch of the foot.
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