Cauda equina syndrome

A group of symptoms resulting from compression of the nerve roots of the lower spinal cord (lumbosacral roots).

It usually occurs secondary to the spread of lung, breast, prostate, and/or multiple myeloma cancer that grows distally and compresses the nerves.

It presents with severe back pain, weakness in the legs, decreased deep tendon reflexes, urinary incontinence problems, and loss of sensation in the genital and gluteal (saddle) regions.

It is diagnosed by physical examination and confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Treatment is based on glucocorticoids, which help control pain, prevent progression, and preserve neurological function.