A uterine myoma is a benign tumor that grows in the different layers of the uterus. Pelvic tumors are the most common.
Their cause is unknown but there is believed to be a genetic and hormonal link.
It is characterized by longer bleeding episodes than normal during menstrual periods. Bleeding after menopause or between menstrual periods is not a typical symptom of myoma; such symptoms could therefore be indicative of other endometrial diseases. Pelvic cramps, pain and a feeling of pressure in the lower abdomen may also occur. If bleeding is very plentiful, it may cause anemia, with its associated symptoms.
The diagnosis is clinical, reached by clinical questioning, gynecological examination and ultrasound.
Treatment will vary according to the symptoms, age, desire to have a baby, etc. In general, pain will be treated with regular painkillers, anemia with iron and hormone therapy will be prescribed (contraceptive pills, etc.). Surgery may be required for severe cases with intense pain or significant bleeding.
- Elizabeth A Stewart. Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and natural history of uterine leiomyomas (fibroids). UpToDate, Abril 2015
- Munro MG. FIGO Menstrual Disorders Working Group. The FIGO classification of causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive years. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:2204.
- Elizabeth A Stewart. Overview of treatment of uterine leiomyomas (fibroids). UpToDate, Mayo 2016
- Parker WH. Uterine myomas: management. Fertil Steril 2007; 88:255.
- Janet E. Hall. Trastornos menstruales y dolor pélvico. Harrison. Principios de Medicina Interna, 19e. Capítulo 69
