Encephalitis (Pediatrics - PEDS)

Encephalitis is the inflammation of the brain. It is generally due to a viral infection, especially enterovirus, the measles virus and Varicella zoster virus. Most cases are mild (flu-like symptoms with headache) but when they are serious they may cause sudden fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, impaired consciousness, seizures or even a coma. In this case, a pediatrician must be consulted urgently. It is diagnosed by carrying out a detailed medical history and complete physical examination. It is necessary to perform additional examinations to study it well. The vast majority of viral encephalitis subside spontaneously; only the symptoms need to be treated. When the patient’s general condition is greatly affected or there is confusion, agitation or very severe head pain, hospitalization may be necessary for treatment and stabilization.