Epididymitis - Orchiepididymitis

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Epididymitis is the most common cause of scrotal pain in adults. It is the inflammation of the epididymis, which is the tube that connects the testes with the different vessels that carry sperm. The most common cause is a sexually transmitted infection. Other causes: trauma, autoimmune diseases. The symptoms are severe testicular pain, fever, swelling or testicular inflammation, stinging during urination. Diagnosis is made by means of a clinical interview and physical examination. It is important to rule out other diagnoses that may entail a urological emergency (testicular torsion, etc.) The infection will be confirmed by analysis and cultures. The treatment is antibiotic treatment targeted at the bacterium causing the infection. Sexual partners must also undergo treatment.
Bibliographic references
  1. Robert C Eyre, MD. Evaluation of the acute scrotum in adults. UpToDate, Abril, 2016.
  2. Tajchner L. Management of the acute scrotum in a district general hospital: 10-year experience. ScientificWorldJournal 2009; 9:281.
  3. Wampler SM, Llanes M. Common scrotal and testicular problems. Prim Care 2010; 37:613.
  4. Trojian TH, Lishnak TS, Heiman D. Epididymitis and orchitis: an overview. Am Fam Physician 2009; 79:583.
  5. Jeanne M. Marrazzo. Infecciones de transmisión sexual: resumen y estudio clínico. Harrison. Principios de Medicina Interna, 19e. Capítulo 163.
Author
Dr. Patricia Sánchez
Copyright
© TeckelMedical 2026

Symptoms

    Testicular pain


    Scrotum is swollen, hot and red


    Scrotum is painful to the touch


    Urinating small amounts many times a day


    Pain for more than 20 minutes

Symptoms to watch out for

High fever (102.2 ºF or more)
Severe abdominal pain, which does not allow you to perform activities of daily living
History of immunodeficiency (HIV, Diabetes Mellitus, oncological disorders, long-term corticosteroid consumption).

Self-care

Take over-the-counter pain relievers or anti-inflammatories.
Relative rest, rest until symptoms subside.
Avoid sexual intercourse and, if you do have sex, use barrier methods such as condoms.
Try not to lift heavy objects.
Consult with your primary care physician regarding the prescription of antibiotics.