Gastroesophageal reflux is the leakage of stomach contents into the esophagus.
It is caused by the failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to close properly. Factors that contribute to its occurrence include the presence of a hiatal hernia, certain foods, adopting a horizontal position after eating, abdominal pressure, and certain medications.
It causes a burning or sour sensation in the chest and throat. When reflux reaches the mouth, it can cause an acidic or bitter taste known as heartburn.
The diagnosis is based on a complete medical history and physical examination, and is confirmed with tests that measure the acidity of the gastrointestinal tract.
Treatment is based on avoiding the causes that trigger it and reducing the amount of stomach acid with medications (antacids).
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