Heatstroke occurs when the body loses its ability to regulate body temperature and the temperature persistently exceeds 104°F (40°C).
The exact cause is unknown, although a genetic predisposition has been suggested. Factors that contribute to this condition include
a) Increased heat production (exercise, fever, medications, thyroid disorders),
b) decreased heat loss (high environmental heat and humidity, dehydration, medications, decreased sweating),
c) dysfunction of temperature regulation (in people with disabilities).
Symptoms of prolonged high fever include flushing, sweating/dry skin, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, headache, delirium, confusion, and seizures. Severe cases may result in death.
Diagnosis is made clinically by interview and physical examination. Additional tests, including blood tests and imaging, may be used to rule out infection.
The goal of treatment is to cool the body (in a cool environment, without clothing, using cold water-soaked compresses or towels, etc.). It is advisable to avoid prolonged exposure to the sun, avoid exercise during the peak hours of the heat, and ensure proper hydration.
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