It is a desquamative skin disease.
There are hereditary forms that appear from birth or childhood, and acquired forms. Acquired forms are usually associated with drugs, or are the manifestation of certain diseases: hypothyroidism, sarcoidosis, HIV, lymphomas, breast cancer, lung cancer, multiple myeloma, mycosis fungoides, etc.
It usually presents as a mild skin disease, although there are severe forms that manifest as a disfiguring disease. It is characterized by dry, rough skin with scales (white, gray or brown); it can also affect the scalp. It is a diffuse disease, accentuated on the trunk and limbs and generally avoiding flexion areas. Sometimes they present painful cracks that can become infected.
The diagnosis is clinical. Genetic or acquired origin should be differentiated and, in the latter case, the underlying cause should be sought (if not already known). A dermatologist should be consulted, who will sometimes perform a skin biopsy.
Treatment will depend on the type and cause of ichthyosis. In general, the skin should be kept well hydrated and lubricated, and washed with antiseptic soaps.
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