Multiple sclerosis

This is an autoimmune disease where the body’s own defenses destroy the myelin sheath surrounding the neurons in the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system). This can occur in any part of the brain, optic nerve and/or spinal cord. The exact triggering cause is not known but it is attributed to viral infections, a genetic defect, environmental factors, etc. It is characterized by exacerbations, with symptoms that worsen or disappear seemingly at random. Episodes can last days, weeks or months. There are no symptoms unique to multiple sclerosis but the most common symptoms include: impaired sensitivity, loss of vision, abnormal gait, double vision, balance problems, etc. Its diagnosis is clinical and confirmed by an MRI scan. There are treatments that can delay its progression.