It is pain originating in bony or muscular structures of the lower back.
Among the most frequent causes are disc herniation, lumbar canal stenosis, vertebral lamina rupture and facet syndrome.
It manifests with pain in the lower and/or lateral part of the back, buttocks, and even pain and tingling sensation in the lower limbs. The pain characteristically worsens with movement and improves at rest.
The diagnosis is made through clinical history and physical examination. Sometimes the study is completed with X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, electromyography or gammagraphy.
Treatment consists of an initial period of relative rest, application of local dry heat, analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and muscle relaxants. It is advisable to complement it with rehabilitation treatment once the acute phase is over, and to perform exercises to tone the muscles and postural hygiene habits to avoid recurrence.
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