Obstructive uropathy - Urolithiasis

Obstructive uropathy is defined as the stopping of urine flow at some point in the urinary tract by a mechanical or functional obstacle, caused by a congenital or acquired disorder. The obstruction causes dilation of the urinary tract with increased pressure from the urine which remains pooled, causing kidney damage if it is not resolved early. Generally, the obstruction is due to the existence of a stone that becomes stuck in the urinary tract, although there may be other causes. Symptoms may include mild or severe pain in the upper back on one or both sides, fever, nausea or vomiting, swelling, an urge to urinate frequently, decreased strength of the urine stream, dribbling of urine, reduced quantity of urine, feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder after urinating, blood in urine. Diagnosis is made by the medical history, a full physical examination and will be confirmed by imaging tests. Treatment is urgent. A urinary catheter must be inserted into the urethra to empty the bladder, the urine generated in the kidney must be drained by a catheter in the urethra or inserted through the skin and placed directly in the renal pelvis. Other options for treatment are placing a stent in the ureter and urinary tract surgery, etc.