- Epithelial tumors (the most frequent)
- Germ cell tumors
- Stromal tumors.
It is more frequent in postmenopausal women, with a maximum incidence between 50 and 75 years.
The cause is unknown, but hormonal, environmental and genetic factors (BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes) have been described that may favor its appearance. Instead, the risk for breast and ovarian cancer decreases in women taking oral contraceptives.
It usually produces few symptoms, and may reach an advanced stage before showing any signs. The most frequent symptoms are abdominal discomfort, bloating, constipation, back pain and pain during sexual intercourse.
When suspected, the first thing to do is a complete medical history and a thorough physical examination with a gynecological examination. A blood test will be performed including CA 125 tumor marker, a gynecological ultrasound and a CT scan of the abdomen to complete the study of extension. A biopsy should be taken to confirm the diagnosis and the stage of the disease.
Treatment is based on the type of ovarian cancer and stage, including surgical removal in all cases. Other adjuvant treatments may be associated: chemotherapy, antiangiogenic treatment and treatment with PARP inhibitors (Olaparib, Niraparib and Rucaparib).
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