Pneumothorax is the leaking of air from the lung into the virtual space between the lung and the ribs.
Depending on the etiology it is classified as either spontaneous or traumatic and depending on the size of the air leak as small, moderate or massive. When a massive pneumothorax compromises circulation it is known as tension pneumothorax and is considered a life-threatening emergency.
It manifests with shortness of breath, chest pain, dry cough and altered respiratory movements.
Diagnosis combines the collection of clinical history with physical examination and an imaging test.
Treatment will depend on the size of the air leak and on symptoms. In mild cases oxygen therapy and painkillers may be enough and in severe cases the accumulated air will need to be drained.
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