It occurs as a result of obstruction of the pulmonary artery by a thrombus or clot that has traveled from a vein, usually located in the deep venous system of the legs.
It is much less frequent in children than in adults.
There are genetic and acquired factors that can promote their formation. Among the most frequent acquired factors are: obesity, immobilization, oral contraceptives, pregnancy, autoimmune diseases, cancer, etc.
Patients display shortness of breath, fast breathing, cough and chest pain.
The diagnosis combines clinical history, laboratory tests, electrocardiogram and imaging tests.
Treatment is based on oxygen therapy and anticoagulants to prevent the formation of new clots. More severe cases will be treated with fibrinolytics whose function is to dissolve the existing thrombus.
It is a life-threatening disease which requires going to a hospital.
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