A pulmonary thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism) is a blockage of blood in an artery of the lung, caused by a thrombus that has migrated from a vein, usually one located on the deep venous system of the legs.
It is much less common in children compared to adults.
There are genetic and acquired factors which may promote their formation. Among the most common acquired factors stand out: obesity, immobilization, oral contraceptives, pregnancy, autoimmune diseases, cancer, etc.
The condition displays shortness of breath, fast breathing, cough and chest pain.
The diagnosis combines clinical history, laboratory tests, electrocardiogram and imaging tests.
Treatment is based on oxygen therapy and anticoagulating therapy to avoid the formation of new thrombus. The most severe cases are treated with fibrinolytic drugs which breaks up the existing thrombus.
It is a life-threatening condition which requires going to a hospital.
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- Jane E. Freedman. Trombosis arterial y venosa. Harrison. Principios de Medicina Interna, 19e. Capítulo 142
- Revel-Vilk S. Natural history of arterial and venous thrombosis in children treated with low molecular weight heparin: a longitudinal study by ultrasound. J Thromb Haemost 2004; 2:42.
