Rectal prolapse is the exit of the rectum through the anal opening.
Multiple factors influence its development, including pelvic floor defects, weakened anal sphincter muscles, abnormally long colon, small bowel prolapse, constipation, diarrhea and chronic cough.
The main manifestation is pain that occurs during defecation, at which time the inner lining of the rectum is pushed through the anal opening. It may bleed slightly.
The diagnosis is made through clinical history and physical examination, which will include a rectal examination. Blood tests and colonoscopies may be performed as complementary tests.
Cases of non-complete prolapse can be treated with a high-fiber diet. In complete cases, the alternative is surgery, which can be performed via the abdominal or perineal route.
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