Deep second-degree frostbite is frostbite that affects the skin and tissue below the skin (subcutaneous).
Frostbite occurs when the skin and body tissues are exposed to a cold temperature for a prolonged period of time.
Second-degree frostbite manifests with violaceous blisters with cell death (necrosis) at a progressive cutaneous level of blue-grayish coloration, absence of sensitivity ("cork-like" tissue), with sharp, lancinating and pulsating pain.
A detailed clinical history and complete physical examination are required to reach the diagnosis.
Treatment is based on first warming the body (central heat) and then the frozen area by immersing it in progressively warmer water, analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant drugs, antibiotics if there is suspicion of infection. Deep frostbite is treated at hospital level, and the common treatment for any degree of frostbite is mainly aimed at avoiding aggravation of the clinical picture and restoring blood circulation to the affected area.
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