Growth of malignant cells in one or both testicles. It mainly affects young men from 15 to 35 years old.
Most cases start in the germ cells – responsible for producing sperm. Germ cell tumors are classed as seminoma (40%) and non-seminoma (including teratomas, embryonic carcinomas, endodermal sinus tumors and choriocarcinomas).
Its cause is unknown but seems to have a genetic component.
Most tumors appear as a testicular lump, which may or may not be painful.
Diagnosis is clinical, based on medical history and testicular examination. It is confirmed with tests like blood tests, ultrasound and CT scans.
Treatment is surgical removal. It may be accompanied by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. There is a good survival rate, even in cases where it extends beyond the testicle.
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