Urinary tract infection - Cystitis (Pediatrics - PEDS)

Cystitis refers to inflammation of the bladder, generally caused by infection, often by germs of the gastrointestinal tract (E. Coli). It may be spontaneous or associated with anatomical factors, chronic diseases, bladder stones, etc. In newborns up to one year of age, symptoms are non-specific: lack of energy, loss of appetite, hypothermia, vomiting, diarrhea, stunted growth, fever, etc. In children aged 1 to 2 years old, it typically presents with a plateau in growth/weight development, lack of energy, loss of appetite, gastrointestinal symptoms and fever. From two years of age, symptoms are more defined: painful urination, constant urge to urinate, incontinence or urinary retention, blood in the urine and urinary urgency. It is diagnosed based on symptoms, urinalysis and culture. Antibiotics are prescribed in most cases.