Separation of the collarbone (clavicle) and the upper part of the shoulder blade (acromion) in the area of the shoulder due to damage to the ligaments connecting them.
A dislocated arm occurs when the upper arm bone jumps off the shoulder. The most common cause is direct trauma to the area, or breaking a punch with an outstretched hand.
It causes severe pain in the upper part of the shoulder, which looks like a 'step'. In other words, the clavicle is separated from the other structures, and there is inflammation or haematoma.
The diagnosis is made by taking a medical history and performing a physical examination of the shoulder. Imaging tests such as an X-ray and/or CT-scan
Painkillers and anti-inflammatories, application of cold and heat, rest and immobilisation of the limb with a sling are essential. If the ligament is torn, physiotherapy will be needed to restore shoulder function. If there is significant deformity, weakness of the arm or cold and numb fingers, this is considered a medical emergency and surgery is usually recommended.
- Scott M Koehler, MD. Acromioclavicular joint disorders. UpToDay. May 12, 2016.
- Scott M Koehler, MD. Acromioclavicular joint injuries ("separated" shoulder). UpToDate. Oct 25, 2016.
- Reid D, Polson K, Johnson L. Acromioclavicular joint separations grades I-III: a review of the literature and development of best practice guidelines. Sports Med 2012; 42:681.
- Tamaoki MJ, Belloti JC, Lenza M, et al. Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating acromioclavicular dislocation of the shoulder in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; :CD007429.
