Neurodevelopmental condition that affects the way a person interacts with the world. It can cause difficulties with socialisation, communication and behaviour.
Despite recent advances in neuroscience and genetics, a model that explains the causes of autism hasn't been established, although associated genetic and environmental factors have been observed.
Symptoms include language delays, lack of visual contact, lack of interest in other people and lack of responsiveness when called. They may also repeat words or sentences literally, and engage in repetitive movements and rituals.
The severity of the condition is sometimes difficult to determine because each baby has a unique combination of symptoms. In general, it is based on the degree of regression and how the infant's development is affected.
Diagnosis is made by taking a full medical history, carrying out a neurological examination and testing social, cognitive and language skills.
The aim of treatment is to maximise the person's ability to function in society, while reducing their symptoms, supporting their development and learning social skills.
- Laura Weissman, MD. Autism spectrum disorder: Screening tools. UpToDate. May 05, 2022
- Marilyn Augustyn, MDL Erik von Hahn, MD. Autism spectrum disorder: Clinical features. UpToDate. Aug 02, 2021.
- Marilyn Augustyn, MDL Erik von Hahn, MD. Autism spectrum disorder: Evaluation and diagnosis. UpToDate. May 16, 2022.
- Laura Weissman, MD. Autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents: Overview of management. UpToDate. Dec 19, 2019.
