Disease caused by the toxin released by a bacterium called Clostridium botulinum.
The toxin is found naturally in the earth and may contaminate foods that, when eaten, cause the disease. It can also cause infection by entering through a wound; this is a typical route of entry among heroin users.
It manifests with eyelid drooping, double vision, difficulty swallowing and speaking, a dry mouth and generalised muscle weakness. Other symptoms: dilated pupils, intermittent abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, constipation and state of obtundation.
Diagnosis is by means of a detailed clinical history and complete physical examination.
Treatment is an antidote called trivalent equine botulism antitoxin. If respiration is affected, intubation and connection to mechanical ventilation may be required until the effect of the toxin recedes.
It is a very severe disease that requires an immediate visit to the hospital due to the associated risk of death.
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