Disease that inflames the airways of children under 2 years of age, resulting in acute respiratory distress. It is common, but does not normally require hospitalisation.
It is caused by viruses or bacteria, with the most common cause being the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). It can also be secondary to a bacterial infection.
The most common symptoms are respiratory distress, dry cough and fever. Often, there is nasal congestion in the previous days.
Diagnosis is reached through the clinical history and a physical examination.
It usually heals on its own in a few days. Proper oxygenation and hydration must be maintained. Nasal rinses with a saline solution are recommended.
If the clinical picture is severe, hospital admission may be required. Oxygen support or even external respiratory assistance will be administered.
- Pedro A Piedra, MD. Bronchiolitis in infants and children: Clinical features and diagnosis. UpToDate, Junio, 2016.
- Pedro A Piedra, MD. Bronchiolitis in infants and children: Treatment; outcome; and prevention. UpToDate, Junio, 2016.
- Bronchiolitis Guideline Team, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Bronchiolitis pediatric evidence-based care guidelines, 2010.
- Ralston SL. Clinical practice guideline: the diagnosis, management, and prevention of bronchiolitis. Pediatrics 2014; 134:e1474.
- Plint AC. Epinephrine and dexamethasone in children with bronchiolitis. N Engl J Med 2009; 360:2079.
