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Bunion - Hallux valgus

Very low urgency
Common-

Progressive deformity of the big toe, which points outwards, towards the second toe. The position of the toe makes it more likely to rub against shoes, causing pain and inflammation.

Its cause is unknown and it seems to be multifactorial but more common in women.

Characteristic symptoms are joint pain and a reddish area with a callus at the site where the bone rubs against the shoe.

Diagnosis is done through reviewing the patient's the clinical history and a physical examination of the feet.

Treatment is based on prevention by wearing comfortable shoes with space for the toes. In severe cases, corrective surgery may be necessary.

Bibliographic references
  1. Jill Ferrari. Hallux valgus deformity (bunion).UpToDate. Mayo 2015
  2. Tanaka Y. Radiographic analysis of hallux valgus in women on weightbearing and nonweightbearing. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1997 :186.
  3. Mann R. Adult hallux valgus. In: Surgery of the Foot and Ankle, Coughlin M, Mann R. (Eds), Mosby, St. Louis 1999. p.150.
  4. Turan I. Correlation between hallux valgus angle and age. J Foot Surg 1990; 29:327.
  5. Nix S. Prevalence of hallux valgus in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Foot Ankle Res 2010; 3:21.
Author
Dr. Oscar Garcia-Esquirol
Copyright
© TeckelMedical 2026

Symptoms

    Big toe points towards the second toe

    First and second toes one on top of the other

    Big toe pain

    Big toe deformity

    Callus big toe

Symptoms to watch out for

Fever (temperature higher than 38 ºC)
Wound with signs of infection (heat, reddening, painful sensation, fever, swelling)

Self-care

Consume over-the-counter pain relievers or anti-inflammatories.
Avoid using pointed-toe heels.
Use interdigital spacers.
Apply cold compresses 3 times a day for 20 minutes to reduce the symptoms.
Place pads over the bunion area to relieve pain.
Use orthopaedic insoles that elevate the feet.
Wear sports shoes that sustains the arch of the foot.
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