Catheter loss

Catheter loss or displacement is a mechanical complication that occurs when the device moves out of position, either partially or completely, thereby compromising its functionality. This is usually caused by accidental traction, inadequate fixation, frequent manipulation or anatomical factors, and is most commonly seen in non-tunneled or non-cuffed catheters. Clinically, this can manifest as an interruption to the flow of fluids or medication, pain or a haematoma at the insertion site, and an increased risk of extravasation or infection. In cases of internal migration, arrhythmia or thrombosis may occur. Diagnosis is made through clinical evaluation and, when internal displacement is suspected, imaging studies are used. Treatment involves removing or repositioning the catheter, correcting the fixation and monitoring for possible complications. The prognosis is generally favourable if detected early, although the severity depends on the type of catheter and the clinical need for access.