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Chilblains - Pernio

Very low urgency
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Is damage caused by a lack of blood and oxygen to the skin.

It is caused by exposure to extreme cold.

The skin shows reddish-purple spots or nodules that are painful and itchy, and if the area isn't warmed, blisters or ulcers appear that can become infected.

Diagnosis is made by clinical history and physical examination.

As for treatment, the priority is to heat, dry and protect the area to restore circulation and allow the lesions to heal.

Bibliographic references
  1. Daniela Kroshinsky, MD. Pernio (chilblains). UpToDate. Aug 16, 2106.
  2. Frostbite. Ken Zafren, MD, FAAEM, FACEP, FAWM. C Crawford Mechem, MD, FACEP. UpToDate. Apr 20, 2015.
  3. Simon TD, Soep JB, Hollister JR. Pernio in pediatrics. Pediatrics 2005; 116:e472.
  4. Kroeger K, Janssen S, Niebel W. Frostbite in a mountaineer. Vasa 2004; 33:173.
Author
Dr. Sara Vitoria
Copyright
© TeckelMedical 2026

Symptoms

    Swollen, purple or red-bluish fingers / toes

    Finger/toe discomfort

    Skin alteration

    Itchy skin

    Blisters larger than 0.5 cm

Symptoms to watch out for

Fever (temperature higher than 38 ºC)
Cyanosis, bluish colour of lips and/or nails

Self-care

Apply heat to the affected area.
Avoid cold exposure.
Antihistamines in syrup or tablet form for itching.
Avoid scratching or harming the skin.
Reduce tobacco consumption.
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