Cocaine is a highly toxic and addictive illegal stimulant drug extracted from the leaves of the coca (erythroxylaceous shrub) that affects the central nervous system.
Cocaine poisoning is caused due to its excessive or highly concentrated intake. It can also be caused by single use or in association with other drugs.
It manifests with anxiety and agitation, chest pain, a feeling of euphoria, dilated pupils, increased heart rate and blood pressure.
Diagnosis is based off reviewing the patient's medical history, a complete physical examination, blood and urine tests and toxicology screening; a chest X-ray and electrocardiogram may be necessary to rule out other causes of chest pain.
Treatment is based on supportive measures maintaining control of vital signs, preserved airway, proper hydration, glucose control and medical treatment to control symptoms and possible complications.
- Lewis Nelson, Oladapo Odujebe. Cocaine: Acute intoxication. UpToDate. Aug 18, 2015.
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