Chronic disease of the digestive system characterised by a permanent intolerance to gluten.
The cause of celiac disease is unknown, although environmental, genetic and immune factors appear to contribute to its development.
It affects each person differently, ranging from a complete absence of symptoms to a variety of clinical manifestations, the most common of which are diarrhoea, weight loss, anaemia, frequent bowel movements (soft, fatty, pale and foul-smelling stools), abdominal pain and swelling, bloating, indigestion and mood changes.
The diagnosis is made by clinical interview, physical examination, specific blood tests (e.g. for certain antibodies) and a biopsy of the small intestine.
The basis of treatment is the complete elimination of gluten for life.
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