Dental abscess

Low urgency
CommonModerately severe

Accumulation of pus in the gums secondary to a tooth infection.

The most common cause is a cavity, but it can also be caused by trauma or infection of the tissues surrounding and supporting the tooth.

It manifests itself as pain in an area of the mouth that increases with chewing or with temperature changes when eating or drinking. It can cause inflammation on one side of the face, swollen lymph nodes and fever in more severe cases.

It is diagnosed by a clinical examination and close examination of the teeth, gums, mouth and throat, and treatment is initially aimed at relieving the pain with painkillers and treating the infection with antibiotics. At a later stage, depending on the viability of the tooth, root canal treatment or tooth extraction will be carried out.

Bibliographic references
  1. Diagnosis. En: Berman, LH, Hargreaves, KM. Cohen´s Pathways of the pulp. 12ª ed. Missouri: Elsevier: 2021. 
  2. Pumarola J, Canalda C, Segura JJ. Patología de la pulpa y del periápice. En: Canalda C, Brau E. Endodoncia. Técnicas clínicas y bases científicas. 3ª ed. Barcelona: Elsevier Masson; 2014. Cap. 6: 58-72.
  3. Absceso Dental. Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina de los EE.UU. https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001060.htm Consultado el 02/05/2021
  4. Sanz M, Herrera D, Van Winkelhoff AJ. The periodontal abscess. En: Lindht J, Lang NP, Karring T, editores. Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry. 8ª ed. Oxford: Blackwell-Munksgaard, 2008. 
  5. Herrera D, Roldán S, Sanz M. The periodontal abscess: a review. J Clin Periodontol 2000; 27(6): 337-386.
  6. Anthony W Chow. Complications, diagnosis, and treatment of odontogenic infections. UpToDate. Octubre 2016
  7. Albandar JM. Destructive periodontal disease in adults 30 years of age and older in the United States, 1988-1994. J Periodontol 1999; 70:13.
  8. Chow AW. Infections of the oral cavity, neck and head. In: Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 7, Mandell GL, Bennet JE, Dolin R. (Eds), Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia 2009.
  9. Samuel C. Durso. Manifestaciones bucales de enfermedades. Harrison. Principios de Medicina Interna, 19e. Capítulo 45
Author
Ms. Nuria Campo
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Symptoms

    Toothache


    Pain increase when chewing


    Swollen gums


    Swollen face


    Pain in mouth

Symptoms to watch out for

Fever that doesn't subside with antipyretics (paracetamol, ibuprofen)
Swelling of the face
Excessive sudoration

Self-care

Consume over-the-counter pain relievers or anti-inflammatories.
Maintain hydration of 2L per day. Avoid soft drinks and fruit juices with high sugar content.
Rinse the mouth with lukewarm water after meals.
Check with your general practitioner about the prescription for antibiotics.