Diabetes known prior to the current pregnancy; it may be type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes or carbohydrate intolerance. These are characterised by the body's difficulty in regulating blood glucose levels adequately. Risk factors include obesity, family history of diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, among others.
Symptoms may include thirst, fatigue, blurred vision and increased risk of infections.
Pre-pregnancy diagnosis includes fasting blood glucose and other more specific tests. Prenatal monitoring is essential to reduce the risk of complications such as congenital malformations, foetal macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycaemia and pre-eclampsia.
Management involves controlling blood glucose levels through diet, exercise and, in some cases, medication. It is essential to follow a personalised care plan and medical follow-up.
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