A change in the menstrual cycle characterised by greater than normal abdominal and/or genital pain.
It is considered normal if it occurs in the first few months after menstruation. When it occurs in women who have had regular periods, the most common causes are: endometriosis, intrauterine devices, fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease, premenstrual syndrome, sexually transmitted diseases and mood changes.
Other symptoms that may accompany acute abdominal pain include: back pain, leg cramps, headaches, mood swings, irritability and fainting.
The diagnosis is made clinically, through an interview and a gynaecological examination. A blood test and some imaging tests, such as an ultrasound, are carried out to understand the cause.
The main aim of treatment is to eliminate the cause and control the pain. Common painkillers and hormone therapy (contraceptive pills or injections) are used to regulate menstrual cycles and hormone levels.
Depending on the cause, surgery may be necessary, for example for fibroids or endometriosis.
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