Extremely fast breathing / Extreme tachypnoea

Extreme tachypnea is called an increase in respiratory rate above 40 breaths per minute in adults and above 60 breaths per minute in infants.

It is due to the cells of the body not receiving enough oxygen and stimulate the respiratory centre of the brain to increase the respiratory rate. There are many causes, such as respiratory causes (asthma, pulmonary emphysema, pneumonia, embolism and pulmonary trauma), cardiac causes (arrhythmia, heart attack) and other causes (allergic reaction, toxic substances, intense exercise in extreme conditions).

It manifests as a sensation of shortness of breath and difficulty breathing, shallow breathing, tightness in the chest, dizziness, weakness, and bluish colour of lips and/or nails.

Once the tachypnea is quantified while taking the vital signs (respiratory rate and oxygen saturation in blood by pulse oximetry), the cause must be ascertained with the medical history and physical examination. In accordance with the suspected diagnosis, tests such as arterial blood gas tests, blood tests, chest X-ray and/or CT-scan will be performed.

The treatment is based on keeping the airways clear, applying oxygen therapy and ensuring proper ventilation (using a non-invasive or invasive technique as needed). It is recommended to keep the person upright and treat the cause to prevent the symptoms from lasting over time or getting worse. Usually bronchodilator drugs, antihistamines, corticosteroids, diuretics and antibiotics are used depending on the cause.

If you have trouble breathing, you should go to the nearest emergency room or ask your local medical emergency services for help.