It occurs when the body loses its ability to regulate body temperature, exceeding 40°C on a sustained basis.
The exact cause is unknown, although a genetic predisposition is suggested. Factors have been described that:
a) Increase heat production (exercise, fever, drugs, thyroid disorders).
b) Decrease heat loss (high ambient heat and humidity, dehydration, drugs, less sweating).
c) Cause dysfunction of body regulation (disabled people).
Symptoms accompanying sustained high fever: flushing, sweat/dry skin, tachycardia, dizziness, headache, delirium, confusion and seizures. Severe cases can lead to the person's death.
Diagnosis is clinical by questioning and a physical examination. Blood tests and imaging tests are performed in order to rule out an infection.
The aim of treatment is to cool down the body (cool place, without clothes, compresses or towels soaked in cold water, etc.). It is advisable to avoid prolonged exposure to the sun, avoid exercise during the hottest hours of the day and to hydrate properly.
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