Hypocalcaemia

This is a fall in the concentration of ionised calcium in plasma, below what is considered to be normal (8.5 mg/dL). Calcium is an important element for muscle function, especially the limbs and cardiac musculature.

The most common causes are: hypoparathyroidism, complete removal of the thyroid gland, pancreatitis, vitamin D deficiency and hypomagnesaemia.

It is characterised by sensory disturbances in the form of tingling in the fingers and around the mouth. Muscle spasms may also occur. Tetany due to very severe muscle stiffness occurs in very severe cases.

The diagnosis is clinical, through questioning, a physical exploration and an analytical study. Other complementary tests can be done to determine the triggering cause.

The treatment is based on oral calcium and vitamin D that promotes intestinal absorption and renal reabsorption of calcium. In severe cases, hospital admission may be required to administer intravenous calcium and magnesium, as well as treating the underlying condition.