It is a scaly skin disease.
There are inherited types to it, which appear from birth or childhood, and acquired ones. Acquired ones are usually associated with drugs, or be manifestations of some kind of disease: hypothyroidism, sarcoidosis, HIV, lymphomas, breast cancer, lung cancer, multiple myeloma, mycosis fungoides, etc.
It usually presents as a mild skin disease, although there are severe forms that appear as disfiguring. A dry and rough skin with scales (white, grey or brown) is the main manifestation; it can also affect the scalp. It is a diffuse disease, exacerbated in the torso and limbs and generally not present in areas of flexion. Sometimes they have painful cracks that can get infected.
The diagnosis is clinical. The genetic or acquired origin must be differentiated and, in this case, try to look for the underlying cause (if it is not yet known). A dermatologist should be consulted, who will sometimes perform a skin biopsy.
The treatment will depend on the type and cause of ichthyosis. In general, good hydration and lubrication of the skin must be maintained, and the skin should be washed with antiseptic soaps.
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