Infestation of a wound by one or more species of microorganism.
Bacteria, fungi and viruses can cause this condition. The type of micro-organism that most commonly infects wounds depends on the environment in which the wound occurred, the immune status of the individual and the depth of the wound.
The general signs and symptoms are redness and discolouration, swelling and firmness of the area, sloughing, stinging, hard or tight skin, red patches or streaks and sometimes fever, especially if the infection reaches the bloodstream.
Diagnosis is based on observation, physical examination and signs and symptoms. Laboratory tests are very useful in identifying the microorganism responsible and determining the most effective antimicrobial treatment.
Many bacterial or superficial viral infections will clear up on their own without treatment. Other bacterial infections require only topical antimicrobial treatment, and in some cases incision and drainage. Deep and persistent infections often require oral antibiotic treatment.
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