This is an adverse reaction that can occur during the use of neuroleptic medicines with an antipsychotic effect.
In the vast majority of cases, it occurs in the first two weeks after starting treatment, or coincides with a dose increase. There is a genetic predisposition associated to it.
The most common symptoms associated in it are hyperthermia (between 38.5 °C and 40.5 °C) that is not lowered with normal treatment, sweating, rigidity and a low level of consciousness.
It is diagnosed through the clinical history, a complete physical examination, and ruling out other diseases with similar symptoms.
Treatment consists of withdrawing the precipitating medication, and ensuring the maintenance of the vital signs, treating complications such as dehydration, kidney failure, cardiac arrhythmias, etc.
This is a life-threatening emergency.
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