Meningococcal meningitis

Bacterial infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

The bacterium is spread by droplets of respiratory secretions that are expelled when you cough or sneeze. Contact with saliva when kissing or sharing crockery can also spread the disease.

The most common symptoms are: stiff neck, fever, headache, confusion, nausea and/or vomiting, sensitivity to light, irritability or rapid breathing.

The diagnosis is made by clinical interview, physical examination and a lumbar puncture to collect and analyse cerebrospinal fluid. Additional tests may be needed: blood tests, cultures, chest x-ray and/or brain CT scan.

If this condition is suspected, the person should be isolated (respiratory isolation) to prevent infection. The condition is treated with intravenous antibiotics, to which corticosteroids may be added.

If you have been in contact with an infected person, you may need preventive antibiotic treatment. Infection can be prevented by vaccination at an early age.

If you have or suspect you have any of these symptoms, go to the nearest emergency department for assessment.