It is a purulent bone infection of both cortical and marrow territories.
It is most often caused by bacteria, but can also be caused by fungi or other germs. Risk factors include diabetes, haemodialysis, poor circulation, recent injury, use of injected illicit drugs, bone surgery and a weakened immune system.
Clinical manifestations are non-specific and vary with age, including bone pain, excessive sweating, fever and chills, general malaise, restlessness, malaise, swelling, local redness and heat, open wound with pus and pain at the site of infection.
Diagnosis is made by history, physical examination and additional tests such as blood cultures, bone biopsy (the sample is cultured and examined under a microscope), bone scintigraphy, bone x-ray and blood tests.
The aim of treatment is to stop the infection and reduce damage to the surrounding bone and tissues. It involves a long course of antibiotics and symptom control. In some cases, surgical debridement may be needed.
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