It is the inflammation of the biceps tendon that causes pain in the anterior part of the shoulder. The upper part of the biceps has two portions originating from the scapula, one anteriorly at the coracoid process and one laterally at the supraglenoid tuberosity. Both portions join in a common tendon and insert into the radius at the top of the forearm.
The most common causes are rotator cuff tears, unstable shoulder and shoulder impingement due to soft tissue compression between the head of the humerus and the upper portion of the scapula.
It manifests with pain in the front of the shoulder, which increases when pulling or pushing an object at a certain height and improves at rest.
It is diagnosed by clinical questioning and clinical examination. The pain typically increases when flexing the elbow against resistance.
Treatment aims to eliminate pain and reduce inflammation: analgesic and anti-inflammatory medication, initially local cold and rest, then heat and rehabilitation. Physiotherapy aids recovery and strengthens the tendon. Work should be done on changing habits to avoid recurrences.
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