Premenstrual tension - Premenstrual syndrome

A group of symptoms that appear from the 14th day after the last menstrual period and continue until the next period arrives. This condition is more prevalent among women aged 20 to 40 who have given birth at least once.

The exact cause is unknown, but it is believed to be linked to hormonal changes. Social, cultural and psychological factors may also play a role. It is also more prevalent among women with a personal or family history of depression, as well as among those who have experienced postpartum depression.

Common symptoms include emotional symptoms such as anxiety, depression, crying easily, mood swings, irritability, difficulty concentrating and changes in libido; sleep disturbances such as insomnia; and physical symptoms such as muscle and joint pain, headaches, acne outbreaks, fatigue, fluid retention, abdominal bloating, constipation or diarrhoea, and increased breast tenderness.

A diagnosis is made through a clinical interview and a complete physical examination.

There is no specific treatment, and the effectiveness of those used varies from one woman to another. The most common treatments are antidepressants, hormonal contraceptives, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and diuretics.