It occurs when the pulmonary artery is blocked by a thrombus or clot that has travelled from a vein, usually in the deep vein system of the legs.
It is much less common in children than in adults.
There are genetic and acquired factors that can promote its formation. The most common acquired factors are: obesity, immobility, oral contraceptives, pregnancy, autoimmune diseases, cancer, etc.
Patients present with shortness of breath, rapid breathing, cough and chest pain.
Diagnosis combines clinical history, laboratory tests, electrocardiogram and imaging studies.
Treatment is based on oxygen therapy and anticoagulants to prevent the formation of new clots. More severe cases are treated with fibrinolytics to dissolve the existing thrombus.
It is a life-threatening condition that requires hospitalisation.
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