Snake bite

Snake venom is a complex mixture of toxins used primarily to immobilise and sometimes initiate digestion of prey.

Signs suggestive of severe envenomation may be the confirmation of a dangerous snake bite, rapid development of local blistering or bruising, persistent bleeding or spontaneous bleedings, lethargy, muscle weakness, convulsions, etc.

Diagnosis is made by clinical history, physical examination and by specifying the geographic region. Some laboratory kits are available to help identify the type of venom.

First aid includes keeping the patient in a safe area, where he/she is calm and at rest, removing jewellery or footwear from the affected limb, immobilising the injured body part and applying a pressure bandage. Subsequent transfer to the nearest appropriate medical facility where the necessary supportive measures will be applied and the appropriate antidote will be administered along with tetanus vaccination.