Disseminated gonococcal infection is caused by the spread of the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae through the bloodstream. It is considered to be a sexually transmitted infection.
It first infects the lining of the urethra, uterus, rectum or mouth and then enters the bloodstream to infect other organs.
Predisposing factors include: menstruation, pregnancy or recent childbirth, and sexual promiscuity. An increased incidence has been described in non-white people, people of low socio-economic status, homosexuals and people who take drugs regularly.
It presents as painful inflammation of the joints and swelling of the tendons and skin. It is usually accompanied by fever, chills and general malaise.
The joints most commonly affected are the knees, elbows, wrists and ankles. Joint involvement is usually asymmetrical.
It is diagnosed by a detailed medical history, a full physical examination and cultures of blood and joint fluid samples.
Treatment is based on intravenous antibiotics. Patients' sexual partners should receive the same treatment.
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