Growth of malignant cells in one or both testicles. It mainly affects young men between the ages of 15 and 35.
Most cases start in the germ cells, which are responsible for producing sperm. Germ cell tumours are divided into seminomas (40%) and non-seminomas (including teratomas, embryonal carcinomas, endodermal sinus tumours and choriocarcinomas).
The cause is unknown, but there appears to be a genetic component.
Most tumours present as a testicular lump, which may or may not be painful.
Diagnosis is clinical, based on history and examination of the testicle. It is confirmed by tests such as blood tests, ultrasound and CT-scans.
Treatment is surgical removal and may be accompanied by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. There is a good survival rate, even if it extends beyond the testicle.
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