Fractures of one or more bones in the foot: 16 bones in the toes (phalanges) and 5 bones in the middle of the foot (metatarsals). These fractures are common because the bones are small and fragile.
The fractures are usually caused by direct impact or repeated compression of the bone. Compression fractures usually affect athletes who rapidly increase their running distances. They are caused by foot deformities, osteoporosis and the use of inappropriate footwear.
The most common symptoms are pain in a specific area, deformity of the toe, swelling and pain during or after activity, pain that disappears at rest and returns with activity.
It is diagnosed by clinical questioning, physical examination and x-rays of the affected toes. It is sometimes necessary to take an x-ray of the other foot to compare the two.
Treatment includes rest, painkillers and taping the other toe. Shoes with stiff or hard soles protect the toe and help keep it in the correct position. In severe cases, corrective surgery may be needed.
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